Structure and Function of the Digestive System

The function of each part of the digestive system

The digestive system starts from mouth to the anus. The important parts of the digestive systems are mouth, teeth, tongue, oesophagus, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum and anus.

Digestive system is able to work with peristaltic movements- automatic compression and relaxation food pipe which pushes the food particles through the digestive system.

Mouth- is the entry point of the digestive system where the breakdown of the food substance taking place mechanically e.g., chewing and crushing.

Teeth – has four different types, they do different function cutting and biting done by the incisors and canine, chewing was done by (premolar and molar teeth).

Tongue- secrets the salivary glands which produce the bolus, mixes with the food and makes it easy to digest.

Oesophagus- is the main part of the food track; it allows the down way movement of food substances- this movement is called as peristalsis movement or alimentary canal.

Liver- which creates the bile from bile duct- cleanses and purifies the blood which is coming from the small intestine.

Gall bladder– stores and absorbs the chemicals, nutrients and the remaining liquid is send back to the small intestine.

Pancreas– secrets the enzyme called the insulin which breaks down the food substance into basic glucose.

Sphincter– is a connecting tube between stomach and oesophagus(phyloric sphincter).

Stomach- it is capable of holding food substances of 4 litres capacity and mixes & digests the food with hydrochloric acid.

Small intestine– 6-7 metres of length but tiny sized pipe like structure and is most important digestive organ which digests almost 90% of the food substances. There are 3 parts, duodenum, jejunum and ileum.

Large intestine (colon) – 1.5 metres in length, the remaining water and useful substances were absorbed; the waste substance is excreted out to the rectum and to the anus. Large intestine has ascending colon, descending colon, and transverse colon, Appendix which are connected to caecum and to small intestine.

Rectum- 8 inches base part of the large intestine, the faeces are stored here.

And

Anus- waste products are liquid and solid. The liquid waste excretes in the urinary bladder and solid wastes are goes out via anus.

Part-A(iii)

Composition of proteins, fats and carbohydrates and how each of them are digested and absorbed by the body

Carbohydrates, fats and proteins make up 90% of the food, energy intake in the digestive system.

When we compare the food pyramid water and carbohydrates forms the base line, they are very much important to maintain the energy level in the body.

Carbohydrates they contain the basic elements of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen.

They are classified into monosaccharide’s, disaccharides, and poly-saccharides.

Poly-saccharides- poly means many, starch and cellulose are poly-saccharides glucose is stored in the form of poly-saccharides.

Maltose, sucrose intolerance some patients who were allergic to maltose they have to avoid taking cow milk items. They will go for soya milk or any other alternative available. Poly saccharides are divided into basic glucose.

Disaccharides- maltose, sucrose is a two unit of glucose

Our body consumes only the monosaccharide’s we call it as glucose.

We can find glucose in the following list produce.

Proteins

They play important role in the process of cell building, muscle building, tissue building and body building.

Some of the enzymes, hormones and antibodies which were used in building hair, skin, cartilage, muscle and cells. They play important role in transport of oxygen and other substances like haemoglobin,

Fat

Proteins are made up of complex structure and contain amino acids; there are about 20 types of amino acids,

Function of Organelles in the Cell

CELL is the smallest unit of the living organism, microscopic in size(visible only through microscope). Cell is classified into two 1. Animal cell and 2. Plant cell.

We deal with animal cell that includes the study of structure and function of the human cell we call that as anatomy and physiology of the cell.

Classification of Tissues

Difference between benign and malignant tumours?

What are tumours?

Tumour is a sudden growth of cells, tissues which can happen anywhere in the whole body. It is capable of pushes the nearby cells and presses the neighbouring areas; therefore tumour causes sudden instability to the nearby organs.

Benign tumours- it is a tumour which is not a life threatening, non-cancerous and tumour will not spread.

Malignant tumour- it is a tumour which is a life threatening, it will spread in a very faster rate, the cancer cell can travel anywhere in the body and it can start growing at the place where it reaches. This process is called as metastasis.

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There are different stages of malignant tumour they were primary stage, secondary stage, 3^rd stage and 4^th stage. If the patient identify the tumour and removes it in the primary stage the survival rate is high. They should continue the treatment to cure the caner.

If they find at later stages it is very difficult to cure completely.

Structure and function the urinary system

Urinary system is a system is to excrete the liquid waste product from the body, which were present in the blood. Urinary system has been placed between liver and to the urinary bladder and urethra (exit point).

Bibliography

http://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=anatomy-of-the-urinary-system-85-P01468

• SOMASKANDAN THIRUNAVUKARASU