Biology Essays

Mechanisms & Solutions of Antibiotic Resistance

Example essay. Last modified: 10th Aug 2021

Antibiotics are defined as any compound which either kills or severely impedes the growth of bacteria. Upon the introduction of penicillin into general clinical practice in 1944, formerly deadly illnesses such as Strep throat and tuberculosis became instantly curable...

Mechanisms Of Conservative And Replicative Transposition Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

Bacteriophage Mu is a temperate phage which adopts transposition pathway in its life cycle. Mu has the capability to integrate into numerous sites in host Escherichia coli genome and cause mutations d...

Mechanisms of the Immune System: An Overview

Example essay. Last modified: 5th Jun 2018

When the human body is attacked by microbes or pathogens, it defends itself using certain mechanisms. There are two types of mechanisms – one which is non-specific and the other which is specifi...

Medical Applications of Nanobubbles

Example essay. Last modified: 24th May 2018

Echogenic bubble formulations have wide applications disease diagnosis and therapy. Therefore, nanobubbles were prepared and the contrast agent function was evaluated in order to study the nanosized b...

Medical Imaging Techniques

Example essay. Last modified: 23rd May 2018

Various techniques are used for the extraction of information or data from the images for the purpose of making a medical diagnosis of a patient. Generally, image data is in the form of microscopy ima...

Medical Uses of Ayahuasca

Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020

Many plants, from many different families, have been shown to contain valuable chemical properties that humans have utilized medicinally for centuries. Traditional medicine systems relied on thes...

Medicinal Uses and Taxonomy of Passion Fruit

Example essay. Last modified: 6th Sep 2021

Passion fruit is one of the most exotic tropical fruit because of the magic of its aroma and the taste of its fruit. It belongs to the family Passifloraceae and is estimated to have approximately 500 species of Passiflora....

Membrane Permeability Of Rabbit Red Blood Cells Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

In this experiment, we look at the swelling and lyses of red blood cells (RBCs), when in a very hypotonic environment. Other key concepts include, the measure of resistance of the red blood cells to e...

Mendelian Genetics of Drosophila | Lab Report

Example essay. Last modified: 6th Jun 2018

Joshua Park Introduction Drosophila melanogaster, known generally as a fruit fly, is a cost-effective model organism with certain qualities that make it an ideal research tool in various fields of ...

Mesothelial-Mesenchymal Transition (MMT) Mechanism

Example essay. Last modified: 8th Jun 2018

Mesothelial cells play a vital role in maintaining the structure of peritoneal membrane and peritoneal homeostasis. During long term peritoneal dialysis, prolonged exposure of peritoneum membrane to...

Metabolic Pathways of the Red Blood Cell

Example essay. Last modified: 24th May 2018

Red blood cells are highly specialised cells that are adopted to perform their main function of transporting oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body tissues. Red blood cells are formed in the bo...

Metal Acetylacetonate Complexes Synthesis

Example essay. Last modified: 24th May 2018

FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) is useful for identifying types of chemical bonds in an organic or inorganic molecule such as its functional group by producing an IR (infrared) absorpti...

Metal Complexes Oxidation State Analysis

Example essay. Last modified: 23rd May 2018

In the Periodic Table, the elements can be grouped in blocks followed by the outermost electrons or valence shell. Transition elements are the main group in Periodic Table and those are the elements w...

Methanobacterium Thermoautotrophicum Composition

Example essay. Last modified: 26th Aug 2021

Methanobacterium are methane-producing archaebacteria. They are generally known as methanogens. A genus of firmly anaerobic bacteria that reduce CO using molecular hydrogen, H2, to give methane....

Methods for Extracting DNA from the cells of Green Split Peas and Chicken Livers

Example essay. Last modified: 2nd Aug 2021

In this experiment, I extracted DNA from the cells of Green Split Peas and Chicken Livers. I used different variables for each. First, I did the experiment with all materials being cold. The second time I did the experiment with materials at room temperature. My objective was to see which method would extract more DNA. ...

Methods Of Categorising Diseases

Example essay. Last modified: 20th Apr 2017

Introduction At the beginning of my written assignment I have been asked to do a research about communicable and non- communicable disease and to choose one communicable and one non-communicable disea...

Methods of Food Preservation

Example essay. Last modified: 25th May 2018

Introduction Food is an organic substance once eaten provides human body with the required energy. Food is mostly organic in that it contains carbon and hydrogen molecules and degenerates over time. F...

Methods of Measuring Productivity in Plant Ecology

Example essay. Last modified: 14th May 2018

Productivity refers to rate at which energy is accumulated by green plant in unit time in the form of organic substance that can be used as food. 2. Types of Productivity: Primary productivity Gross ...

Methods of Stopping Kinetic Transesterification Reactions

Example essay. Last modified: 21st May 2018

Abstract The realisation that fossil fuel resources are limited, together with the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, contributed to the development of alternative fuels. Among the alternatives ...

Methods of Studying the Brain

Example essay. Last modified: 12th Jun 2018

History of brain treatments Trepanning is a surgical procedure where a hold is drilled into the skull using a surgical tool, in the 17th and 19th century. The process involved drilling into the skul...

Metronidazole Retention Enema Experiment and Study

Example essay. Last modified: 21st May 2018

1. Introduction 1.1. Rectal dosage forms  The most common and usually most convenient route for administering conventional pharmaceutical dosage forms is orally, where the drug dissolves in the gastr...

Microbial Contamination on Toothbrush Storage

Example essay. Last modified: 7th Jun 2018

The study of microbial contamination on storing a toothbrush in a bathroom with a toilet Abstract Aims: To examine the microbial contamination of storing a toothbrush in the bathroom with a toilet a...

Microbial Production Of Industrial Enzymes Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

Enzymes are biocatalysts produced by living cells to bring about specific biochemical reactions generally forming parts of the metabolic processes of the cells. Enzymes are highly specific in their ac...

Microbiological Quality of Yogurt Analysis

Example essay. Last modified: 7th May 2018

Andrea Roberta Martinez Zepeda   Which yogurt brand consumed in Nicaragua is healthier for the human body? Introduction: Believing that we are germ-free is an antiquate way of thinking. When you a...

Microbiology for Environmental Engineering

Example essay. Last modified: 11th Jun 2018

By Georgios Tzelepis Microorganisms play a major role in controlling water and waste quality and every biological process is based on the action of microorganisms. Bacteria constitute an important ...

Microemulsions in Food Industry Uses and Applications

Example essay. Last modified: 14th May 2018

Abstract: Microemulsions are a class of microheterogeneous systems having unique features of stability, solubilization capacity, structural morphology, physical property and applicability. Depending o...

Microflora and Bacteria in Limburger Cheese Development

Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020

Limburger Cheese Introduction Limburger cheese gets its name from the country it originated in, Limburg, which is now divided amongst Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands.1...

Microorganisms And Biogeochemical Cycles Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

Microorganisms are known to have existed from the very beginning of life, about 3,500 millions of years ago while animals and plants have appeared only about 3000 millions of years after. Microorganis...

Microorganisms in Waste Water Treatment Process

Example essay. Last modified: 8th Jun 2018

When people think of microorganisms, they tend to think of unsafe pathogens. While this may be of concern there are beneficial microorganisms living ubiquitously around us as well. Microorganisms that...

Microorganisms: Normal Flora

Example essay. Last modified: 27th Apr 2017

The concept of infection in the host- parasite relationship is expressed in the body’s normal flora. Normal flora is a population of micro-organisms that infect the body without causing disease....

Micropropagation of Carnation

Example essay. Last modified: 29th May 2018

Plant tissue culture refers to rapid multiplication and growing of plant cells, organs and tissues on defined solid or liquid media under controlled and aseptic environment. Plant tissue culture techn...

Microwave Bridge to Measure Absorption

Example essay. Last modified: 24th May 2018

More accurate methods of measuring microwave attenuation and phase are constantly being sought, particularly for such applications as plasma diagnostics. The microwave bridge technique described here ...

Microwave Remote Sensing in Forestry

Example essay. Last modified: 5th Jun 2018

BACKGROUND: Microwave remote sensing at wavelengths ranging from 1 cm to 1 m has gained a lot of importance over the past decade for a wide range of scientific applications with the availability of ac...

Migraine Headaches: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments

Example essay. Last modified: 24th May 2018

A migraine headache(1) is a type of vascular headache.it is caused by Vassodillation.In it release of chemicals from nerve fibers occurs which coil around the large arteries of brain. Sympathetic nerv...

Minerals in Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks

Example essay. Last modified: 23rd May 2018

Abstract A mineral is a naturally occurring substance that is solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula. According to the geological significance Igneous and metamorphi...

Mitochondria Function and Structure

Example essay. Last modified: 16th May 2018

Abstract Mitochondria are double membrane enclosed cell organelles found in the cell cytoplasm. It has many functions but by far the most important role that it possesses is as the cells power plant. ...

Mitochondrial DNA Analysis: Techniques and Applications

Example essay. Last modified: 7th Jun 2018

Introduction Because of advancements in technology and techniques, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis has become a common method in forensic procedure. Polymorphisms in human mtDNA were first discover...

Mitochondrial Dna And Genetic Evidence Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 16th Jul 2018

Introduction: The Out of Africa model, also referred to as the African origins, total replacement, Noah’s ark or Eve model is one model suggesting the origins of humankind. This model hypothesiz...

Mitochondrial DNA Barcoding

Example essay. Last modified: 8th May 2018

Abstract Hoppers are economically important insects, causing serious damage to paddy. These insect falls under the family of Hemiptera, which include diverse groups of insects. The identification of ...

Mitosis and Meiosis Processes

Example essay. Last modified: 22nd May 2018

Ismenia Panti   Introduction Meiosis and Mitosis are both a type of cell division. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells while meiosis occurs in gamete formation. The main purpose of mitosis is for grow...

Moisture Content Analysis of Flours

Example essay. Last modified: 21st May 2018

This laboratory exercise was performed to study the moisture assays. The moisture content of wheat, whole grain and plain flour, milk and honey were determined by using the methods of dry air oven, va...

Monuments and Caves: Effect of Cyanobacteria

Example essay. Last modified: 8th May 2018

STUDIES ON THE ROLE OF EPILITHIC AND CRYPTOENDOLIHIC CYANOBACTERIA ON MONUMENTS AND CAVES OF WESTERN ODISHA AND STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGY. ABSTRACT Cyanobacteria are morp...

Moringa Oleifera Health Benefits and Nutrition

Example essay. Last modified: 23rd May 2018

According to Dr. Lydia M. Marero of the Food and Nutrition Research Institute of the Philippines, Moringa oleifera is one of the worlds most useful plants. It is used as food, effective water treatmen...

Movement Of Small Intestine Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

In much of the gastrointestinal tract, smooth muscles contract in sequence to produce a peristaltic wave which forces a ball of food called a bolus while in the esophagus and gastrointestinal tract an...

MRI Scan for Pulmonary Embolism: A Meta-Analysis

Example essay. Last modified: 30th May 2018

Title:Diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging for pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis Highlights: This study was performed to analyze the diagnostic performance of MRI for PE. High sens...

Mucor Hiemalis Reproduction and Uses

Example essay. Last modified: 8th May 2018

All species of mold are of the eukaryotic kingdom Fungi, of which are commonly used in the production of food, such as cheese, or brewing, or are described as pests that are harmful towards humans, a...

Mukia Maderaspatana Antioxidant Properties

Example essay. Last modified: 5th Jun 2018

Plants have the ability to synthesize a wide variety of chemical compounds that are used to perform important biological functions and to defend against attack from predators. Mukia maderaspatana (L.)...

Multiple Myeloma: Causes, Signs and Treatments

Example essay. Last modified: 7th Jun 2018

1.0 Introduction Human body is consisting of so many of cells, almost uncountable. Normal human body cells are growing, dividing into new cell and dying in an orderly fashion. There are different how ...

Mushroom Fungi Nutritional Content Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

INTRODUCTION Mushrooms have been a component of our human diet since time immemorial. They were used as food before man understood the use of other organisms. Certainly mushrooms were one of man’...

Mutagenicity of Soy Sauce as Determined by the Ames Test

Example essay. Last modified: 5th Nov 2021

The goal of this experiment was to expose whether soy sauce contains mutagenic properties that could revert auxotrophic Salmonella typhimurium​ ​ TA1538 to phototrophic Salmonella typhimurium​ TA1538....

Mycetoma Control and Prevention

Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020

INTRODUCTION Mycetoma is a slow progressing chronic inflammatory tropical disease caused by actinomycetoma bacteria and eumycetoma fungi found in soil and water1. These bacteria and fung...

Mycoplasma vs Mycobacterium

Example essay. Last modified: 31st Jul 2018

Mycobacteria are aerobic and slender, curved rod shaped species. Since they are aerobic they like to live in areas where oxygen levels are high; such as, apical or upper part of the lungs. Thus, a dec...

Myoglobin In The Utilization Of Oxygen In Animals Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

Myoglobin is an oxygen-binding globular protein which is vital in facilitating the acquisition and utilization of oxygen in animals. Myoglobin was isolated and purified from ground water buffalo extra...

Myosin: A Superfamily of Motor Proteins

Example essay. Last modified: 23rd Sep 2019

Myosin: A Superfamily of Motor Proteins Introduction    Every movement, from moving one’s fingers to looking around, is powered by myosin; myosin is one of...

N Acetylcysteine Quality Control

Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2018

N-acetylcysteine (C5H9NO3S Mr 163.2) is the N-acetyl derivative of the naturally occurring amino acid, l-cysteine. The drug occurs as a white, crystalline powder with a slight acetic odor. N-acetylcys...

Naphthalene and Biphenyl Separation Experiment

Example essay. Last modified: 22nd May 2018

Napthalene and biphenyl mixture is a binary mixture of substances where the substances are very similar to each other as can be observed from their structures. Due to their similarities in physical pr...

Natural and catalyzed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2017

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions by lowering activation energy. Enzymes are specific to one reaction due to their structure; they bind with a specific substrate at an active si...

Natural and Synthetic Polymers

Example essay. Last modified: 23rd May 2018

A polymer is a large molecule (macromolecule) composed of repeating structural units. These subunits are typically connected by covalent chemical bonds. Although the term polymer is sometimes taken to...

Natural Antiseptics vs Medical Antiseptics

Example essay. Last modified: 21st May 2018

Abstract This extended experimental investigation was commenced to see how natural antiseptics compared to man-made medical antiseptics, on Serratia marcescens bacteria culture. The results showed th...

Natural Hair Dye Vs Chemical Hair Dye Damage

Example essay. Last modified: 16th May 2018

Abstract  This experiment was designed to investigate and compare the extent of damage to the hair shaft structure caused by henna as the selected natural hair dye and chemical hair dye. The qualitat...

Natural Selection and Genetic Drift | Experiment

Example essay. Last modified: 8th Jun 2018

Camouflage Lab Eduardo Pérez Introduction In 1859, an English scientist named Charles Darwin published his book, On the Origin of Species. This book described his Theory of Evolution, the process...

Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Causes and Effects

Example essay. Last modified: 12th Jun 2018

Shalyn Bauer Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome or (NRDS) occurs when a newborn baby’s lungs are not fully developed. This is often found in premature babies, however there is the occasi...

Nervous Systems And Sensory Organs

Example essay. Last modified: 11th May 2017

You take a needle and prick your finger, your response is probably to get your finger away from the needlepoint quickly and maybe yell ouch. You take the same needle and poke a protist, sponge, cnida...

Neurobiology of Ecstasy (MDMA) Abuse | Article Analysis

Example essay. Last modified: 7th May 2018

Deborah Crim A. Neurobiology of Ecstasy (MDMA) Abuse B. Article 1 Analysis: Article Title Behavioral sensitization to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA ecstasy) is long lasting and modulat...

Neurological Effects of MSG

Example essay. Last modified: 8th Sep 2021

Due to evolving since in fields such as food science pharmacology, paediatrics, medical psychology, and toxicology, various food additives have come under a sharp review. In the medical field, a controversy has been ranging as to whether MSG should be used at all since diverse research case studies have not only shown its negative effects on health in general but also its neurological effects....

Next Generation DNA Sequencing Technologies

Example essay. Last modified: 21st May 2018

Motivation: Recent technological advancements in the field of genomics have resulted in Next Generation DNA Sequencing Technologies. These technologies have created hype among scientists since they en...

Nimesulide Mouth Dissolving Tablets: Evaluation

Example essay. Last modified: 23rd May 2018

ABSTRACT Mouth dissolving tablets has number of advantage viz., faster onset of action, elegance, ease of administration, ease of manufacturing, ease of storage and transport. A novel attempt has been...

NMR Spectrometer: Applications, Components and Functions

Example essay. Last modified: 5th Jun 2018

Describe briefly the major components of a NMR spectrometer and their function. The Magnet – The capability of an NMR instrument is critically dependent upon the magnitude and homogeneity of the...

Normal Cells Vs Transformed Cells

Example essay. Last modified: 5th May 2017

The purpose of the experiment is to compare and contrast normal cell and transformed cell. Students compare and contrast normal and transformed cell after viewing it under the microscope. The goal of ...

Normal Flora And Bacteria Identification Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

The human body is naturally inhabited by a wide variety of microbes, collectively referred to as normal flora. To investigate the diversity of these microbes at different sites of the body, swabs were...

Normal Flora and their Benefits

Example essay. Last modified: 22nd Feb 2017

Normal Flora and their benefit The normal flora is a bacteria found in or on ones’ bodies on a temporary basis without causing disease. In that respect are larger numbers of bacteria than c...

Novel Drug Delivery System (NDDS) Analysis

Example essay. Last modified: 17th May 2018

1. INTRODUCTION There is a swift progress in the NDDS, so as to overpower the restrictions of conventional drug delivery. Some drugs have an optimum concentration range and in the scope of this optimu...

Nuclei And Mitochondrial Fraction

Example essay. Last modified: 17th May 2017

The objective of this experiment is to prepare a nuclei and mitochondrial fraction using differential centrifugation, from a rat liver homogenate sample. The amount of activity of mitochondria in the ...

Nucleus Structure and Function

Example essay. Last modified: 15th May 2018

The aim of this write up is to enable us know the structure of a nucleus and the purpose its serves in a living organism. But first what is this organelle called nucleus and where can it be found in a...

Nutrient Cycle of an Isolated Cave

Example essay. Last modified: 25th May 2018

Introduction The caves are simple natural laboratories. The climate of the cave is very stable and easy to define. Cave environment is composed with a twilight part close to the entrance, a middle pa...

Nutrition and the Digestive System

Example essay. Last modified: 7th May 2018

Problem 3. Define nutrition and state its importance Nutrition is the source of minerals and vitamins found in food that is needed by organisms to ensure their healthy growth and survival. A variet...

Nutritional Needs of Plants

Example essay. Last modified: 24th May 2018

INTRODUCTION: Plants can prepare carbohydrates, fats, proteins and vitamins in their body. However they cannot generate the mineral ions. Thus for plants, the constant supply of minerals is very essen...

Nutritional Value of Organic Foods

Example essay. Last modified: 24th May 2018

So Kit Lun ABSTRACT As the international market’s demand for organic food is increasing, the health benefits and risks of organic product have raised many much controversy. Today, mainstream ...

Observation of Ecosystem in National Park

Example essay. Last modified: 25th May 2018

Ecology is the term that is used to describe habitation of organisms. This term was first used by the German zoologist in the year 1866. Ecosystem can, thus, be defined as a dynamic system in which t...

Observing Mitosis In The Cells Of Garlic Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

Aim: To observe the stages of the cell cycle in living tissue, generally and specifically in the meristematic cells of the root of garlic and hence consider the duration of the stages of mitosis in r...

Observing The Different Stages Of Mitosis Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

The aim of this experiment is to observe the different stages of the garlic tissues during mitosis which are prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase in living tissue. Students are also required to...

Occipital Lobe: Function in the Brain

Example essay. Last modified: 16th May 2018

The occipital lobe is the center for visual processing in the human brain. It is the smallest of the four lobes in the cerebral cortex and is located in the posterior region of the cerebral cortex. Th...

Ohmic Heating in Food Preservation

Example essay. Last modified: 24th Jul 2018

Ohmic heating is also known as joule heating, electric resistance heating, direct electric heating, electro heating and electro conductive heating. It is a process in which alternating electric curren...

Optical Sensors for Biological and Chemical Measurement

Example essay. Last modified: 8th Jun 2018

This Literature review is divided into three main parts. They are, Surface Plasmon Resonance, BIACORE 3000 and Winspall. In these three mechanism, Surface Plasmon Resonance stood a basic platform for ...

Optimal Temperature for Enzyme Amylase

Example essay. Last modified: 14th May 2018

In this experiment the objective was to determine the optimal temperatures for fungal and human amylase. Four sets of tubes were used, human, fungal, starch with human, and starch with fungal amylase ...

Optimum Temperature for Catalase in Potato

Example essay. Last modified: 31st Jul 2018

Hydrogen peroxide is a common by-product produced during metabolism in living organisms. On accumulation, hydrogen peroxide can have various implications on living cells such as skin disorders (Schall...

Order Of Reaction With Respect To Sodium Thiosulphate Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

To study the effect of reactant concentration on the rate of the reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid AND to determine the order of sodium thiosulphate. The reaction used in this...

Organ System of the Human Body

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

The human body is composed of different organs with each performing a specific function. These organs do not work alone, but combine their functionality to work as systems. An organ system is usually ...

Organelles of Eukaryotic Cells

Example essay. Last modified: 23rd May 2018

According to Dr. Charles Mallory, a biology professor at The University of Miami, the principles of cell theory include: 1. All organisms are made up of cells. 2. Cells are the basic units that form t...

Organic Derivatives of Water

Example essay. Last modified: 29th May 2018

The distinction of various organic derivatives or water may be based on their characteristic solubility behaviour and reactions. During this experiment the 8 organic compounds used were Ethanol, 2-But...

Organogel as a Drug Delivery System

Example essay. Last modified: 23rd May 2018

Gels are defined as three-dimensional crosslinked network structures with an immobilized external solvent phase. If the immobilized solvent is an apolar liquid, the gels are referred as organogels. Th...

Origins of Parthenogenesis: Advantages and Disadvantages

Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020

This essay will discuss the origins of parthenogenesis, the advantages and disadvantages and its effects on nature. (1.1 c) The Encyclopaedia of Genetics (2001) describes parthenogenesi...

Osmoregulation in Different Environments

Example essay. Last modified: 30th May 2018

MUSOWE EDSON .A Write an essay on the topic “patterns of Osmoregulation in aquatic and terrestrial environments”. Introduction Osmoregulation refers to the process by which living organisms mai...

Osmosis In Potato Tuber Cells The Weighing Method Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration through a partially permeable membrane. This movement is caused by differenc...

Ouchterlony Double Diffusion Assay Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

Introduction: Polyclonal antibodies are produced by different B- lymphocytes in response to the same antigen, which recognise different parts of the antigen. Because the human immune system cannot kno...

Overview Of Aloe Vera

Example essay. Last modified: 8th May 2017

Aloe Vera is known as a TRUE ALOE. It is mostly used in herbal medicines so it is also known as FIRST AID PLANT or MEDICINAL PLANT. The ALOE word was derived from the aerobic word-‘alloeh’...

Overview of Infrared Spectroscopy

Example essay. Last modified: 31st Jul 2018

Infrared spectroscopy is the most powerful technique use in the analytical laboratory. Infrared spectroscopy is associated with the infrared region. There are number of compounds (organic and inorgani...

Overview of Mammography and its Importance

Example essay. Last modified: 24th Jul 2018

Mammography is the radiographic imaging of the breasts. It is a special diagnostic and screening tool of the human breasts. A mammography is done with specific x-ray equipment which is able to find tu...

Overview of Streptococcal Pharyngitis & Influenza

Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020

  Streptococcal Pharyngitis – Strep Throat Streptococcal Pharyngitis, that is also known as strep throat is a bacterial infection that is mainly caused by g...

Overview of Synthesis and Preparation Experiments

Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2018

Introduction: As we know, Manganese is found in the first row of transition metal with the electron configuration [Ar] 3d5 4s2. Besides that, Manganese has different type of oxidation states when it a...

Overview of the Imclone case

Example essay. Last modified: 6th Jun 2018

The ImClone case is about insider trading. Here is the background information regarding the case. Sam and Harlan Waksal started ImClone in 1984. From there, in 1993, the brothers purchased the rights ...

Oxalate Complexes of Iron

Example essay. Last modified: 15th May 2018

In coordination chemistry there are different types of ligands. Monodentate ligands donate only one lone pair to the metal ion. Bidentate ligands donate two pairs of electrons such as the oxalate liga...

Oxidation And Hydrolysis Of Acetylcysteine

Example essay. Last modified: 12th May 2017

Acetylcysteine is an antidote used for paracetamol overdose. Different tests had been chosen and conducted to ensure the quality of the product in the drug preparation is within the acceptable range a...

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Menstrual Cycle

Example essay. Last modified: 6th Jun 2018

Evaluation of oxidative stress and antioxidant status during normal menstrual cycle Abstract: Background & Objectives: Oxidative stress has been investigated to explain various physiological a...

Oxygen Consumption By Different Animals | Experiment

Example essay. Last modified: 16th May 2018

Name & Matric No. Calvin Belulok Ngang Malinka Anak Sikim Philovenny Anak Pengiran Brenda May Engkian anak Nandong @ Sulie Christ Hani binti Lian Lee Racheal Anak Rosedy Hilda Jelembai An...

Oxygen Consumption in Cellular Respiration

Example essay. Last modified: 11th Jun 2018

Introduction  Dormant seeds are seeds that are living but have a seed coat around them. They have all the supplies they need to process and have a metabolism, and they would be able to germinate if t...

Paracetamol Physical And Chemical Properties Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

Paracetamol is poorly soluble in cold water, but more so in hot water. One part of paracetamol is soluble in 70 parts of water at room temperature, and 1 in 20 parts in boiling water. The aqueous so...

Partial Rate of Diffusion of Potassium Dichromate

Example essay. Last modified: 4th Jun 2018

ABSTRACT Diffusion is the process where molecules spread into spaces. It was observed that the formation of ammonium chloride was near the hydrochloric acid meaning the ammonia diffused faster. One f...

Partitioning Of Barbiturates Overview

Example essay. Last modified: 8th May 2017

Phenobarbitone is an antiepileptic drug which is used to treat epilepsy. Absorbance values at different concentration of phenobarbitone can be used to plot a calibration graph which in turns can be us...

Pathology of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Example essay. Last modified: 12th Jun 2018

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by painful inflammatory autoimmune disorder by di-arthrodial joints, the wide of production of cytokines, and destruction of joints (see the fig.1). Thickn...

Pathophysiology of Acute Renal Failure

Example essay. Last modified: 29th May 2018

Intro The following pages will concern the scenario of Georgina Lawson. I will examine the pathophysiology of Acute Renal Failure and then highlight the pharmacological management specific to Mrs Laws...

Pathophysiology of Liver Diseases

Example essay. Last modified: 7th May 2018

ONG SUAN LING Liver Failure The liver is responsible for regulatory, detoxification, metabolic and synthetic activities. Liver cell known as hepatocyte, is responsible for about 500 or more specifi...

Patterns of Inheritence in Drosophila Melanogaster

Example essay. Last modified: 5th Jun 2018

The Fruit Flies of Melanogaster   Introduction:   Many simple patterns of inheritance follow the laws of Mendel. Dominant traits will always be expressed when present, and recessive traits will ...

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) in Lung Diseases

Example essay. Last modified: 8th Jun 2018

PEFR value means peak expiratory flow rate that is a persons maximum speed of expiration. It can be measured by peak flow meter which is a simple device. People can use it monitoring their lung functi...

Permeability of Plasma Membranes

Example essay. Last modified: 31st Jul 2018

Introduction Plasma membranes are bi-layered membranes made up of amphiphillic molecules (having charged polar heads tending to be hydrophillic and uncharged fatty acid tails tending to be hydrophobic...

pH of Phosphate Buffer Solution

Example essay. Last modified: 17th May 2018

The important usage of buffer solution was showed through comparison of the change of pH using phosphate buffer and distilled water when acid and basic solution was added. A phosphate buffer was first...

Phagocytes Process in Immune System

Example essay. Last modified: 16th May 2018

Discuss the processes by which phagocytes are attracted to a site of infection and the mechanism by which they destroy a foreign particle (PA). The pathological state of the body that results from inv...

Pharmacogenetics And Pharmacogenomics In Pharmacy Practice Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

The study of the interaction between genetics and therapeutic drugs is variously called pharmacogenetics or pharmacogenomics. The differences between the two are the initial approach of the science: P...

Pharmacokinetics and Drug-Drug Interactions

Example essay. Last modified: 29th May 2018

Drug development is a complex multidisciplinary process during which a preclinical drug candidate is evaluated to assess its potential efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetic and metabolism. The data produc...

Pheromones: Chemistry, Structure and Functions

Example essay. Last modified: 15th Oct 2021

The mammalian pheromone system was more difficult to understand because mammals, far from having the simple stereotyped behaviour of insects, have complex and independent behaviour. Mammals were found to detect pheromones through an organ in the nose called the VNO, which is similar in function to the olfactory membranes but connects to the hypothalamus....

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 24th Jul 2018

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are critical in the continued cycle of energy to sustain life as we define it. Both have several stages in which the creation of energy occurs, and have varied ...

Photosynthesis Management Case Study

Example essay. Last modified: 18th May 2020

INTRODUCTION The quality of wine is highly dependent on the quality of the fruit produced from grapevines (Watson 2003, Coombe and Dry 2004, Conde et al. 2007). Fruit quality for wine i...

PhyloCode and Linnean Systems of Classification

Example essay. Last modified: 6th Jun 2018

Cells & Classification Introduction: Classification is the act of placing objects in groups based on characteristics which involves naming and describing different kinds of organisms and specie...

Phylum Chordata Characteristics and Examples

Example essay. Last modified: 16th May 2018

Hamza Ali Introduction: The topic chosen for this biological study was the Kingdom Animalia. This study will specifically be analyzing the Phylum Chordata, by providing an introduction to Chordates...

Physiochemical Analysis of Dye Soil

Example essay. Last modified: 7th May 2018

INTRODUCTION Decline in the quality of soil by the act of human and nature is called soil pollution or soil contamination. The main factors of soil pollution include excessive erosion, excessive use ...

Physiological Changes Of Aging Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 13th Apr 2017

Aging does not give a good feeling to most human beings because of the diseases and problems associated with it. History has it that most individuals have always tried to stave off aging and death. Th...

Physiological Role of Phytohormones

Example essay. Last modified: 30th May 2018

Plant growth and development is under the control of mutual interactions among plant hormones. The five classical categories of plant hormones include auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid ...

Physiology Of Human Bones And Joints Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

This includes all the physical and chemical processes that go on inside living things and that are necessary for proper functioning of the body. Physiology is closely related to anatomy, the study of...

Physiology of the Vagina

Example essay. Last modified: 29th May 2018

INTRODUCTION Vagina is a fibro muscular tube that extends 6-12 cm from cervix of the uterus. The surface of the vagina is composed of numerous folds, often called rugae. These folds keep distensabili...

Phytochemical screening

Example essay. Last modified: 29th Mar 2016

Discussion 5.1. Phytochemical screening Phytochemical screening provides basic information about the medicinal importance of the plant extract. In this study phytochemical screening and quantitative e...

pillbugs and their preferred habitat conditions

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

Introduction To sufficiently grasp and understand the experiment on animal behavior, it is crucial to be knowledgeable of the organisms being observed, as well as the various types of animal behaviors...

Pipe Surge and Water Hammer Experiment

Example essay. Last modified: 31st Jul 2018

The objective of the work undertaken was consisted two separate experiments, pipe surge and water hammer. These are both caused by a reduction in the flow rate within a pipe. They are two alternative ...

Plant Adaptation to their Environment

Example essay. Last modified: 22nd May 2018

Hanin Al-geizi   Plants require four simple things to live; water, warm temperature, light, minerals and most places that consist partly of these vital requirements, will be hospitable environment...

Plant and Animal Interactions in the Tropical Rainforest

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jun 2018

Why are animal-plant interactions considered important in the establishment and maintenance of high biodiversity in tropical rain forests? Include specific examples in your answer. The study of plant-...

Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis

Example essay. Last modified: 27th Apr 2017

Analysis 1. The solubility and the intermolecular bonds formed between the solute and the solvent are involved in the separation of pigments as it moves through a filter paper. 2. The Rf values would ...

Plant Tissue Culture Aseptic Technique

Example essay. Last modified: 15th May 2018

Basically the techniques of plant cultures consist of taking a piece of plant such as a stem tip, meristems, seed or even an embryo and placing it in a liquid, semi-solid or solid in sterilization, nu...

Plant-Animal Interactions In Tropical Mangrove

Example essay. Last modified: 12th May 2017

Tropical mangrove forest ecosystems rely strongly on trophic interactions between plants and animals in controlling population, community and ecosystem level processes (Robertson 1988). Positive plant...

Plants in Production of Recombinant Antibodies

Example essay. Last modified: 7th Jun 2018

Shirin Bagherihanaei A discussion of the techniques, advantages and disadvantages of the use of plants in production of recombinant antibodies for research and therapeutic use with named examples....

Plasma Membrane: Structure and Function

Example essay. Last modified: 12th Jun 2018

BENJAMIN NHANDARA Explain the structure and function of the cell and the plasma membrane to include the division of labour and explanation of transport across the plasma membrane. All living thing...

Plasmid Retention and Bacteria Growth in E Coli

Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2018

The increasing interest by the industry in recombinant protein production has caused an intensive study in this area during the last years. However, it is well known that there are a number of issues ...

Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

Example essay. Last modified: 17th May 2017

Platyhelminthes are commonly known as flatworms. Some of the examples of Platyhelminthes include tapeworms and flukes. These flatworms usually exist as parasites which feeds on its host or it can exis...

Platyhelminthes: Characteristics and Types

Example essay. Last modified: 25th May 2018

Platyhelminthes are bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic animals, in other words their left and right sides are mirror images of each other; this also implies that they have distinct top and bott...

Pollen and Stigma Interaction in Plants

Example essay. Last modified: 5th Jun 2018

Introduction Cells of multicellular organisms must communicate not only for development to occur after fertilization but also for successful survival and reproduction of the offspring. There are diffe...

Pollination in Fruit

Example essay. Last modified: 19th May 2017

Pollination is a basic requirement for production of fruit, seeds and thus new plants. Therefore pollination plays an important role in agriculture, horticulture and forestry. The process of pollinati...

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis: Protein Separation

Example essay. Last modified: 29th May 2018

Abstract SDS Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is used to separate protein molecules based on size. By using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and a gel made from acrylamide, protein shape, st...

Polyester: History, Development and Applications

Example essay. Last modified: 17th May 2018

ABSTRACT:  Polyester is a synthetic fiber derived from coal, air, water, and petroleum. Polyester fibers are formed from a chemical reaction between an acid and alcohol, and is developed in a 20th-ce...

Polyesters: Characteristics and Applications

Example essay. Last modified: 27th Jul 2021

Carother’s incomplete research had not advanced to investigating the polyester formed from mixing ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. It was British scientists – Whinfield and Dickson who patented PET or PETE in 1941. ...

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Steps

Example essay. Last modified: 16th May 2018

We owe the discovery of the polymerase chain reaction to Kary B Mullis in the year 1983. He was the actual proponent of PCR. Few people are aware that in 1971, Kleppe and the Nobel laureate Gobind Kho...

Polymerase Chain Reaction Lab Report Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

Polymerase Chain Reaction is a lab technique used to amplify DNA sequences. It involves using short sequences of DNA and primers to select a certain chromosome on the DNA to be replicated. This is a...

Pork Unhealthy And Unsanitary For The Human Body Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

The consumption of pig meat has been characterized by a lot of controversy since time memorial. At the outset, different groups of people from different backgrounds have detested the use of pork as fo...

Positive and Negative Contrast Media

Example essay. Last modified: 24th May 2018

In the field of radiology, some investigation or procedure on a patient in need of contrast into the patient’s body through a vein, artery, mouth or anus, which is located in the body. Since the...

Positive and Negative Effects of Cloning

Example essay. Last modified: 10th Aug 2021

There are three different types of cloning and they are Recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, Reproductive cloning, and Therapeutic cloning....

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: Causes and Treatments

Example essay. Last modified: 11th Jun 2018

Postoperative nausea and vomiting is the nausea and vomiting symptoms which occurred after a surgery, medicines intake or anaesthesia usage. Around 18 to 30 of surgical patients have PONV and the naus...

Poultry Diseases: Impact, Types and Causes

Example essay. Last modified: 15th May 2018

Introduction: Poultry diseases had made an adverse effect on the industry during past few years. The data and studies related to the impact of poultry diseases and their prevalence is still not eno...

Predisposing Factors For Urinary Tract Infections

Example essay. Last modified: 28th Apr 2017

The important predisposing factors for urinary infections in females are age, sex, pregnancy, sexual intercourse, menopause, use of birth control devices, catheterization, surgery, diabetes, use of ca...

Preparation And Recrystallisation Of Aspirin Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

The objective of this experiment is to enable us to understand and conduct the synthesis of aspirin, understand the skills of recrystallisation and the technique of melting point determination. The ma...

Preparation of Diphenylisoxazoline by a Dipolar Cycloadditio

Example essay. Last modified: 31st Jul 2018

Aims The aims of this experiment were: to synthesise a diphenylisoxazoline by a 1,3- dipolar cycloaddition reaction – this involved the preparation of an oxime which was oxidised to form a rathe...

Preparation Of Oxalate Complexes Of Iron Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

To prepare two oxalate complexes of iron namely, Potassium Trioxalatoferrate Trihydrate and Iron Oxalate and to analyse the products for iron and oxalate respectively. One of the properties known to ...

Preparation of Potassium Trioxalatoferrate Trihydrate

Example essay. Last modified: 24th May 2018

Iron, being a transition metal can be found in different oxidation states, such as 2+ and 3+. Transition metal ions react with neutral or charged ligands, such as Br- or NH3, respectively, to form com...

Preparation of Recrystallization of Aspirin

Example essay. Last modified: 8th Jun 2018

1. Synopsis This experiment serves 2 objectives – the production of Aspirin from esterification of salicylic acid with excess acetic anhydride and obtaining it in a purer state by recrystallisat...

Pressure Distribution around Circular Cylinder Lab Report

Example essay. Last modified: 24th Jul 2018

The aims of the investigation is to measure the pressure distribution on the surface of a smooth cylinder placed with its axis perpendicular to the flow and to compare it with the distribution predict...

Prevalence Of Haemonchus Contortus Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

Some house holds in cities depend on livestock keeping as a source of livelihood. Most urban farmers have resorted to keeping animals which require less space for example small ruminants since land in...

Preventing Deterioration of Archival Materials

Example essay. Last modified: 4th Jun 2018

Unfortunately, the condition of collections tends to deteriorate due to a combination of elements such as: inadequate and careless use and handling of the documents; badly controlled environmental con...

Prevention of Enzymatic Browning in Fruits and Vegetables

Example essay. Last modified: 24th Jul 2018

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is known to be a key enzyme in enzymatic browning of fruit, vegetables, beverage and seafood in the food industry. The browning of food causes a great quality loss and economi...

Primary fungal pathogens

Example essay. Last modified: 19th May 2017

Dissertation Introduction Fungal pathogens can be separated into two distinct groups; true or primary fungal pathogens, and opportunistic pathogens. True or primary pathogens can cause disease in ...

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in Animal Breeding

Example essay. Last modified: 22nd May 2018

REVIEW OF LITERATURE Global Animal data bank for genetic resources documents more than 14,017 breeds of domesticated livestock species in over 181 countries. However, this is underestimations of indi...

Principle of Homoeostasis - An Overview

Example essay. Last modified: 4th Dec 2017

The aim of this essay below is to explain homeostasis, the principles involves, the negative feedback, the control of the blood glucose level, the mechanism of temperature regulation and the structure...

Principle Of Material Balance With Chemical Reaction Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

The aim of this report is to make use of the principal of material balance with chemical reaction so to able to find out the yield, conversion rate and rate of reaction for the batch process. The hypo...

Principles and Application of ELISA

Example essay. Last modified: 21st May 2018

In this essay, I will discuss the uses of the biochemical technique ELISA (Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay). ELISAs are the first and most basic test used to determine whether individuals are positi...

Principles of Cell Signalling and Transduction

Example essay. Last modified: 25th May 2018

“The principles of cell signalling and signal transduction are the same across all organisms and are crucial for survival of those organisms”. Critically discuss this statement. Introduction Arou...

Principles of DNA Preparation and Polymerase Chain Reaction

Example essay. Last modified: 7th May 2018

Shathurdekah Siwasubramaniam Download from Moodle and print a picture of your gel (nobody else’s). Attach this to your write-up. If your gel shows clear documentation of each of your DNA preparat...

Principles of Sterilisation in Microbiology

Example essay. Last modified: 5th Jun 2018

Moist and dry heat How are microorganisms destroyed by moist heat? By dry heat? Moist: Destroys the structure and organisms by destroying with heat. The combination of steam and pressure, the temper...

Probiotics and Biotechnology

Example essay. Last modified: 28th Apr 2017

Probiotics and Biotechnology Bacteria are present in the gut of every one. Some of these are harmful while others are beneficial for the health of host. Normally the percentage of beneficial bacteria ...

Process of Meiosis | Experiment

Example essay. Last modified: 6th Jun 2018

In this experiment we observed the process of meiosis by looking at different slides. Meiosis is a process in which a diploid (2n) parent cell is divided into four haploid (n) daughter cells. The daug...

Processes for the Classification of Organisms

Example essay. Last modified: 8th Jun 2018

Classification of living organisms is the process of identifying, naming and sorting organisms in groups, based on their comparable genetic composition, similar characteristics, like development, c...

Processes Involved In The Production Of Precipitation Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

Precipitation is one of the most important factors in the water cycle, which all life forms on Earth revolve around. However without the essential conditions and processes occurring, precipitation wou...

Processes of Spermatogenesis

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jun 2018

The testes that is responsible for producing the male gametes and carries the sequence of processes in the seminiferous tubulus is known as Spermatogenesis. Such process commence during puberty, at an...

Processes of Water Chlorination

Example essay. Last modified: 17th May 2018

Abstract: The article, “Water Chlorination Principle”, explains the process of water chlorination, a process in which water is treated with chlorine to make it fit for human consumption o...

Producing Carbon Dioxide Through Fermentation

Example essay. Last modified: 24th Sep 2021

The two forms of fermentation are lactic acid and alcohol fermentation. Both cellular respiration and fermentation start with the same first step: glycolysis, after which cellular respiration involves other steps such as Krebs cycle and electron transfer chain....

Production And Processing Of Maize

Example essay. Last modified: 27th Apr 2017

Maize is the third largest planted crop after wheat and rice. It is mostly used and traded as a leading feed crop but is also an important food staple. In addition to food and feed, maize has wide ran...

Production of Propylene Glycol From Glycerol

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jun 2018

Glycerol is a by-product obtained during the production of biodiesel. As the biodiesel production is increasing rapidly, the crude glycerol generated from the transesterification of vegetables oils ha...

Production of Single Cell Protein

Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2018

ABSTRACT The possibility of using Koji making fermentor for, Arachniotus citrinus and Candida utilis, single cell protein (SCP) production was investigated. The MBP was produced from deoiled rice bran...

Properties And Uses Of Green Fluorescent Protein

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

ABSTRACT Green fluorescent protein has natural fluorescent properties which can be used in various applications. Mutagenesis of wild type GFP gives variants that are widely used as protein fusion tags...

Properties of PVC/ABS blends

Example essay. Last modified: 12th Jun 2018

Introduction Polymer blending is one of the fastest growing areas of polymer technology. Blending of polymer has become an increasingly important technique because it is an economical, viable and vers...

Properties of Urena lobata Linn (Caesar Weed)

Example essay. Last modified: 5th Jun 2018

PLANT PROFILE Urena lobata Linn. Botanical Name: Urena lobata Linn. Common Name: Caesar weed Parts Used: Leaves, Stem, Root and Whole plant    Fig 1. Urena lobata Linn Taxonomical Classification ...

Protein Concentration A Variety Of Methods

Example essay. Last modified: 5th May 2017

There are a variety of methods that can be used to determine protein concentrations. One specific method uses the Bradford assay, a colorimetric protein......

Protein Denaturation of Egg White and Milk: Experiment

Example essay. Last modified: 5th Jun 2018

Introduction: Proteins are the secondary crucial food components while carbohydrates are primary ones. However, proteins must be denatured their natural structure to be unfolded before the digestion....

Protein Determination Lab Report

Example essay. Last modified: 12th Jun 2018

Introduction Within protein biochemistry, analytical procedures and experiments have been designed to determine accurate measures of the protein concentration in a sample. A variety of protein assay...

Protein Folding and Misfolding Mechanism and Principles

Example essay. Last modified: 23rd May 2018

Every function in the living body depends on proteins, and before proteins can carry out any function they must be able to assemble or fold themselves into their three-dimensional structure. Proteins ...

Protein Precipitation & Isolation of Casein from Milk

Example essay. Last modified: 17th May 2018

A. Dilshan Jayawickrama Protein Precipitation Methods and Isolation of Casein from Milk  Introduction Protein is one of the major constituent of all living organisms on earth which are...

Protein Purification Methods And Structure Functions Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

Protein purification is the method by which particular protein of interest is being separated from a complex mixture. This is a very important process in order to understand the structure, function an...

Protein Quantification of Almond Milk and Egg White Solutions Utilizing the Bradford Assay

Example essay. Last modified: 8th Feb 2020

Abstract    The Bradford assay is a popular method for the quantification of proteins due to it relative sensitivity and ease of performance by cuvette. The assay uti...

Protein Synthesis in DNA Processes

Example essay. Last modified: 6th Jun 2018

Protein synthesis is the process whereby DNA encodes for the production of amino acids and proteins. It is a very complex and precise process and as proteins make up over half of the dry mass of a cel...

Psychological Effects of Poor Eyesight

Example essay. Last modified: 22nd May 2018

Maya Al Meer   Abstract Some patients suffer from eye diseases such as cataract or glaucoma and many others that cause a decrease in their level of vision making it impossible for them to regain t...

Public Health Issues: Type 2 Diabetes

Example essay. Last modified: 14th May 2018

Abhishek Kumar Is type 2 diabetes a public health emergency? Definition: The term “diabetes mellitus” describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterised by chronic hyper...

Pulse Oximetry For Anaesthesia In Veterinary Practices Biology Essay

Example essay. Last modified: 1st Jan 2015

Pulse oximetry is one of the most commonly used pieces of monitoring equipment for anaesthesia in veterinary clinics today. Using a pulse oximeter allows us to monitor the percentage of haemoglobin (H...

Pure Culture Methods and Gram Staining

Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2018

Individual and well separated colonies are crucial when working with bacterial cultures. Pure culture method involves the step of taking a small and well isolated colony and transferring it to a steri...

Purification of Crude Glycerol From Biodiesel

Example essay. Last modified: 30th May 2018

Crude glycerol is the by product produced throughout the biodiesel production process. However glycerol produced at this stage is crude glycerol which is about 80% pure and contains other contaminants...

Purification of Recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein

Example essay. Last modified: 16th May 2018

ABSTRACT:  The purpose of this experiment was to determine if a His-6 tagged recombinant form of Green Fluorescent Protein could be expressed in a pRSETA vector of E. Coli. This was determined throug...

Purify GFP From Aequorea Victoria

Example essay. Last modified: 12th Jun 2018

Methods and Results: GFP was cloned into E. coli strain JM109 and expressed under optimal conditions in Luria broth agar containing ampicillin and IPTG for induction. Protein was extracted by lysis us...